Biostar 865G MICRO 775 Spécifications télécharger pdf (Page 36)

CHAPTER 3

134

All About Motherboards

The first OS program (BootMgr or Ntldr) begins the process of loading the OS

into memory. For Windows XP, Ntldr is responsible for loading the OS, and is,

therefore, called the boot loader program. In Vista, BootMgr turns the job over to

Winload.exe, which loads the OS. Therefore, for Vista, Winload.exe is the boot

loader program.

MAINTAINING, INSTALLING, AND CONFIGURING

A MOTHERBOARD

When supporting personal computers, you need to know how to maintain a motherboard.

A motherboard is considered a ﬁeld replaceable unit, so you also need to know how to

replace one when it goes bad. After the new board is installed, you’ll need to conﬁgure the

board using BIOS setup. All these skills are covered in this part of the chapter.

Notes

Future desktop and notebook systems are likely to use replacement technologies for both the

BIOS ﬁrmware on the motherboard and the MBR method of organizing a hard drive. Even now, in

Windows Vista, you can choose between two disk-partitioning systems: MBR and GPT. Using the MBR

system, you can have up to four partitions on a hard drive, although one of them can have multiple

volumes, which are called logical drives. The GPT (Globally Unique Identiﬁer Partition Table) disk-

partitioning system can support up to 128 partitions, and these partitions are more stable and can be

larger than MBR partitions. To use the GPT system for your bootable hard drive, your computer mother-

board must contain an EFI or UEFI chip rather than the traditional BIOS chip. For more information on

the GPT method of organizing a hard drive, go to the www.microsoft.com site and search on GPT.

EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) and UEFI (Uniﬁed EFI) are two standards for the interface between

ﬁrmware on the motherboard and the operating system. The standards replace the legacy BIOS standards and

improve on processes for booting, handing over the boot to the OS, and loading device drivers and applica-

tions before the OS loads. For more information on either standard, see the UEFI consortium at www.ueﬁ.org.

A+ Exam Tip

The A+ 220-702 Practical Application exam expects you to know how to maintain a

motherboard by updating drivers and ﬁrmware, setting BIOS jumpers, and replacing a CMOS battery.

MAINTAINING A MOTHERBOARD

The two chores you need to know how to do to maintain a motherboard are how to update

the motherboard drivers and how to ﬂash BIOS. You also need to know how to conﬁgure

the BIOS jumpers on a motherboard to recover from a forgotten power-on password or

failed BIOS update and how to replace a CMOS battery. All these tasks are covered next.

UPDATING MOTHERBOARD DRIVERS

A motherboard comes bundled with a CD that contains drivers for all the onboard compo-

nents and documentation in PDF ﬁles. Most likely, Windows can use its own internal drivers

for these components, but if you have trouble with an onboard component or want to use a

feature that is not working, use the motherboard CD to install the manufacturer drivers into

Windows.

A+

220-701

1.2

3.4

A+

220-702

1.1

A+ Exam Tip

Content on the A+ 220-701 Essentials exam ends here and content on the A+ 220-702

Practical Application exam begins.

Let’s now turn our attention to maintaining, installing, and conﬁguring a motherboard.

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